Much of British Columbia encountered a drier spring than usual this year, a situation that researchers and honey producers warn could adversely affect pollinators. In Kamloops, bee enthusiast and gardener Elaine Sedgman has observed a decrease in native bee activity around her flowers. Sedgman, who volunteers with the Native Bee Society of B.C., documents sightings of native bee species for research purposes.
Wild bee populations across North America are declining, with climate-related events like droughts being a significant factor that stresses the plants essential for pollinators. B.C., estimated to host around 500 bee species, has faced consecutive droughts and heatwaves in recent years, notably the impactful 2021 heat dome.
As of the end of June, the B.C. Drought Information Portal reported that 27% of the province was experiencing some level of drought, an improvement from the 40% recorded in May. Ground-nesting bees in B.C. are particularly susceptible to droughts, as confirmed by behavioural ecologist Caleb Bryan. Droughts harden soil and vegetation, making nest excavation and maintenance challenging for bees. Bryan emphasized that drought also reduces leafy shade for nesting bees, making it harder for bee populations to persist across seasons.
Another consequence of drought stressed plants is the production of less nectar with altered sugar ratios and concentrations. This change impacts the quantity and quality of nectar and pollen, reducing the food supply for bees and potentially hindering their growth. Furthermore, drought stress affects the signals that plants send to bees, altering colors, scents, and even thermal patterns of petals, making flowers harder for bees to locate and less rewarding.
Honey production is also at risk due to changes in nectar quality and quantity caused by plant stress, leading to reduced honey production. Emily Huxter, the owner of Wild Antho bee farm in the North Okanagan, expressed concern about the potential impact on honey production this year due to these changes. The farm is awaiting the start of the honey flow to assess the impact of this spring’s drought.
To support bee populations, Bryan suggests planting a variety of native plant species that bloom throughout different seasons. Having an abundance of flowers is crucial, especially in areas where honey bees forage, ensuring an ample food supply for both honey bees and native bees.